Here you can find more research about CBD and CBG oil.
What is CBG?
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The Unique Pharmacologic Properties of CBG.
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CBG is multi beneficial and may help with the following medical conditions
- Strengthens the immune system
The extensive research that has probably made Cannabis the most studied plant in human history has allowed to identify hundreds of different compounds with potential biological activity, including more than 120 terpenoids, 100 cannabinoids, 50 hydrocarbons, 34 glycosidic compounds, 27 nitrogenous compounds, 25 noncannabinoid phenols, 22 fatty acids, 21 simple acids, 18 amino acids, 13 simple ketones, 13 simple esters and lactones, 12 simple aldehydes, 11 proteins, glycoproteins, and enzymes, 11 steroids, 9 trace elements, 7 simple alcohols, 2 pigments, as well as vitamin K.
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In addition to its nutritional value, hempseed is also rich in natural antioxidants and other bioactive components such as bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, carotenoids, and phytosterols, the content of which appears to be mostly affected by the environmental and agronomic factors and, to a lesser extent, by genetic variability
The α-linolenic acid that can be found in hemp seed oil has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities
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Cannabinoid acids from hemp (Cannabis sativa) were found to be allosteric as well as orthosteric ligands with micromolar affinity for the spike protein. In follow-up virus neutralization assays, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid prevented infection of human epithelial cells by a pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and prevented entry of live SARS-CoV-2 into cells.
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- Anti-inflammatory properties
The α-linolenic acid found in hemp seed oil has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17542608/
Study has provided evidence that CBD and CBG formulated appropriately exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Observations suggest that these non-psychoactive cannabinoids may have beneficial effects in treating diseases characterized by airway inflammation.
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- Anti-bacterial properties
In vitro studies have shown that cannabinoids inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, mostly Staphylococcus aureus, with no detectable activity against Gram-negative organisms
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Other study observed similar anti-bacterial effect of Cannabidiol (CBD) toward antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC around 1–5 μg/ml. CBD also had anti-bacterial effect on other gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Clostridioides difficile), as well as a subset of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the “urgent threat” pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Of note, the bacteria didn’t develop resistance to its anti-bacterial activity.
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In summary, the present study demonstrates an anti-bacterial effects of the Cannabis component CBG toward the cariogenic bacteria S. mutans. CBG acts at several levels: (1) It exerts a bacteriostatic effect that is affected by the initial bacterial cell density. (2) It affects the membrane structure and causes intracellular accumulation of mesosome-like structures. (3) It causes immediate membrane hyperpolarization. (4) It reduces the membrane fluidity. (5) It increases the membrane permeability. (6) It prevents the drop in pH caused by S. mutans, thereby preventing its cariogenic property. The interference of CBG with the caries causative S. mutans may provide a novel innovative way to combat dental caries.
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- Neuroprotective
The results in the in vitro system suggest brain non-neuronal cells as a target in the treatment of oxidative conditions, whereas findings in the ex vivo system and docking analyses imply the potential roles of CBD and CBG as neuroprotective agents.
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The study show that CBG and CBDV were protective against OG mediated injury in three different cells that constitute the BBB, modulating different hallmarks of ischemic stroke pathophysiology.
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These Study results indicated the neuroprotective effects of CBG, that may be a potential treatment against neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
In conclusion, our results indicated that CBG exerted a protective action in an in vitro neuroinflammation model. CBG reduced neuronal death in NSC-34 cells treated with the medium of LPS stimulated macrophages, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. In particular, CBG restored cell anti-oxidant defense, increasing the expression of Nrf-2, reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. On the bases of these results, thanks to its neuroprotective effects, we encourage the use of CBG against neurodegeneration and in those pathological conditions where neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a main role.
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VCE-003.2 prevented medium spiny DARPP32(+) neuronal loss in these Huntington’s-like disease mice models improving motor deficits, reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. In the 3NP model VCE-003.2 inhibited the upregulation of proinflammatory markers and improved antioxidant defenses in the brain. These data lead us to consider VCE-003.2 to have high potential for the treatment of Huntington’s disease (HD) and other neurodegenerative diseases with neuroinflammatory traits.
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In summary, study data confirm the neuroprotective potential of an oral formulation of VCE-003.2 against inflammation-driven neuronal damage in an in vivo model of neuroinflammation reminiscent of Parkinson Disease PD. The present data support further development of such an oral product towards the clinic, to address the lack of disease-modifying therapies in PD.
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- Reduces cholesterol and bad fats in the blood
This article has reviewed the effects of cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating cannabis component with a wide therapeutic potential and good safety profile, on the cardiovascular system under physiological and pathological condition.
potential CBD application for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders is considered. In experimental pathological conditions, such as hypertension, heart diseases, stroke, neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, diabetes or hepatic and renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, the protective effect of CBD associated with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, vasculoprotective, cardioprotective or neuroprotective effects is often revealed. Despite its vasodilatory properties, CBD has not been demonstrated to exhibit hypotensive action in animal models of hypertension. However, this compound might lower stress-induced increases in blood pressure in both humans and animals.
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- Reduces the progression of tumors (proliferation of cancer cells)
Cannabinoids, the active components of Cannabis sativa, mimic the effects of the endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), activating specific cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 found predominantly in the central nervous system and CB2 found predominantly in cells involved with immune function
Cannabinoids affect cancer progression by three mechanisms. The most important mechanism is the stimulation of autophagy and affecting the signaling pathways leading to apoptosis. The most important mechanism of this process is the accumulation of ceramide. Cannabinoids also stimulate apoptosis by mechanisms independent of autophagy. Other mechanisms by which cannabinoids affect tumor growth are inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness, metastasis, and the modulation of the anti-tumor immune response.
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Cannabinoids were found to be effective in the treatment of lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, pancreas, and hepatic cancers. The anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids were characterized by their anti-proliferative property, inhibition of cancer cell migration, suppression of vascularization, and induction of apoptosis.
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In cancer patients, cannabinoids have primarily been used as a part of palliative care to alleviate pain, relieve nausea and stimulate appetite. In addition, numerous cell culture and animal studies showed antitumor effects of cannabinoids in various cancer types. Understanding how cannabinoids are able to regulate essential cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis, such as progression through the cell cycle, cell proliferation and cell death, as well as the interactions between cannabinoids and the immune system, are crucial for improving existing and developing new therapeutic approaches for cancer patients.
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- Relieves nausea
Cannabinoids are a large and important class of complex compounds that have a promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of variety of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focused on studies that provided evidence for anticancer effects of plant-derived and synthetic cannabinoids and their potential mechanisms of action. Cannabinoids were able to effectively modulate tumor growth in different in vitro and in vivo cancer models, however, these anticancer effects appears to be dependent on cancer type and drug dose.
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- Reduces the growth of colon cancer
CBD BDS and CBD reduced cell proliferation in tumoral, but not in healthy, cells. The effect of CBD BDS was counteracted by selective CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists. Pure CBD reduced cell proliferation in a CB1-sensitive antagonist manner only. In binding assays, CBD BDS showed greater affinity than pure CBD for both CB1 and CB2 receptors, with pure CBD having very little affinity. In vivo, CBD BDS reduced AOM-induced preneoplastic lesions and polyps as well as tumour growth in the xenograft model of colon cancer.
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In colorectal carcinoma cell lines, cannabidiol protected DNA from oxidative damage, increased endocannabinoid levels and reduced cell proliferation in a CB(1)-, TRPV1- and PPARγ-antagonists sensitive manner. It is concluded that cannabidiol exerts chemopreventive effect in vivo and reduces cell proliferation through multiple mechanisms.
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- Reduce pressure associated with glaucoma
This review focuses on the potential effects of cannabidiol, as a potential therapeutic strategy, on glaucoma and some of the presumed mechanisms by which this phytocannabinoid provides its possible benefit properties through the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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- Relieve neuroinflammation in chronic model of multiple Sclerosis
As part of a study on the SAR of phytocannabinoids, we have investigated the effect of the oxidation modification in the resorcinol moiety of cannabigerol (CBG) on CB1, CB2 and PPARγ binding affinities, identifying cannabigerol quinone (VCE-003) as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. We found that VCE-003 ameliorated the symptoms associated to TMEV infection, decreased microglia reactivity and modulated the expression of genes involved in MS pathophysiology. These data lead us to consider VCE-003 to have high potential for drug development against MS and perhaps other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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- Treat bladder dysfunction
Systemic cannabinoids have effects on the lower urinary tract that may be able to become clinically useful; however, a much greater understanding of the mechanisms of cannabinoid receptors in control of the human lower urinary tract is necessary to facilitate development of novel cannabinoid drugs for treatment of pelvic disorders.
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Our results suggest that regular use of cannabis is associated with significant alterations in a number of urinary peptides, with a large number of proteins present or absent only in cannabis users. Pathway analyses demonstrated an increased immune responses in cannabis users compared to controls.
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- Shows excellent results in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease.
Wide variety and number of animal and human studies have demonstrated not only the positive impact that cannabinoids can have in this context but also the multitude of pathways these agents may work through to induce their analgesic effects
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Findings confirm the improvement in general well-being/Harvey-Bradshaw Index, weight gain, and reduction in clinical complications after cannabis treatment. Future RCTs studies should determine the cannabis treatment parameters and validate its safety and effectiveness in the IBD setting.
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